中考英语一轮复习,中考英语,阅读理解训练知识归纳总结及解析

　中考英语一轮复习

　中考英语

　阅读理解训练知识归纳总结及解析

　 一、中考英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解

　 When Carson Palmer, a professional American football player, hurt his arm a few years ago, he took a week off to stop throwing the football. But in his head, Palmer practiced every day. The following weekend, Palmer had the best game of his life.

　For more than a century, scientists have been trying to understand how this mental training works. In the 1930s, researchers proved by experiment that when you"re imagining an action, your brain sends signals to your muscles which are too weak to tighten the muscles but might help train the body to perform. In other words, mental practice might create a plan in your head, like a how-to guide for a special skill.

　Sports researchers have done hundreds of studies comparing imagined and physical practice for actions. In short, the studies show that mental training works. A 2012 study compared 32 nonprofessional golfers with another 32 who only imagined their action. Under the same training program, both groups improved their skills.

　Imagination has advantages over the real thing: You can do it anywhere and any time. It is safe---a main advantage for people such as gymnasts and doctors. And you can practice for longer periods of time because you"re not controlled by physical tiredness. That"s not to say it"s easy. "we"ve had Olympic-level sportsmen sitting in our laboratory, imagining for two hours," says Tadhg Macintyre, a sports researcher in Ireland. "When we"re done, they"re completely tired."

　It doesn"t work for everyone, though. "If you"re a beginner, the influence can be harmful," warns Macintyre. If you"re trying to imagine a free throw, and you don"t even know the proper movement, then you"re probably going to mentally practice the wrong skill, and your skill is going to be impaired."

　（1）How does mental training act on one"s physical practice?

　 A. Taking a week off from being tired.

　B. Performing the action before imagining.

　C. Using imagination to guide one"s body.

　D. Buying a how-to guide before mental training

　（2）What do we know about imagination training?

　 A. It is not influenced by time and space.

　B. It is easier to do than real practice.

　C. It is more useful for golfers.

　D. It is fit for everyone.

　（3）What does the underlined word "impaired" in Para. 5 mean?

　 A. weakened

　B. mastered

　C. tested

　D. improved

　（4）What can be the best title of the text?

　 A. A New Way of Doing Sports

　B. Advantages of Imagination

　C. Methods for Mental Practice

　D. Mental Training Makes You better？

　【答案】

　（1）C

　（2）A

　（3）A

　（4）D

　【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了心理训练与体育实践的关系，从而说明了心理训练会使你更好。

　 （1）细节题。

　根据第二段...... when you"re imagining an action, your brain sends signals to your muscles which are too weak to tighten the muscles but might help train the body to perform. In other words, mental practice might create a plan in your head, like a how-to guide for a special skill. 可知心理的训练可能在头脑中产生一个计划，指导你的技能，故选 C。

　 （2）细节题。根据 Imagination has advantages over the real thing: You can do it anywhere and any time. 可知想像力可以在任何时间和地点都能做，不受时间和空间的影响，故选A。

　 （3）

　词义猜测题。根据 If you"re a beginner, the influence can be harmful, If you"re trying to imagine a free throw, and you don"t even know the proper movement, then you"re probably going to mentally practice the wrong skill, 可知如果你是一个初学者，你不知道正确的动作，你凭借你的想像去做，可能做得差。可猜测出 impaired 是差的或弱的，故选 A。

　 （4）主旨题。根据文章内容，本文主要介绍了心理训练与体育实践的关系，从而说明了心理训练会使你（做得）更好。故选 D。

　【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、词义猜测题和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题要注意细节从文中找答案；词义猜测题是根据上下文，猜测出词义；主旨题需要通读全文了解大意之后找出中心思想。

　 2．阅读理解

　 In Australia, international students have to study at a language center for two terms. Everyone will have a test before entering school. The degree of the test is from easy to difficult, just like a game. Then students will get into a classroom which is suitable for them.

　The classes in a language center are free. There are no specific（具体的）

　subjects. Each teacher can teach anything they want. Some of them allow students to use computers to search for information online. Some like to hold activities to make students exchange their opinions freely in class. Some introduce Australian history through films.

　As one of the students in the learning center, I find all of them are friendly. They welcome all of our questions. One of my teachers, Don, is kind. I used to have problems. "Do you need help?" he asked me after class. I was not familiar with him so I was too shy to share my real feelings." Don"t hesitate（犹豫）to ask me if you have any questions, "he said. He looked at me and smiled. I told him my trouble in a small voice. I couldn"t understand the vocabulary. To my surprise, he gave me a sheet of words and asked me to remember them. Then I found his class simple and interesting.

　Don has a great sense of humor, too. When we learned about probability（可能性）, he let us give him some examples like, "What is the chance of...?" Someone joked, "What is the chance of

　Don becoming angry?" He pretended（假装）

　to be angry at once. But soon he laughed with us.

　（1）________should study at a language center for two terms in Australia.

　 A. Australian students

　B. International students

　C. Chinese students

　D. American students

　（2）From the passage, we know that ________________.

　 A. it is really expensive to have classes at a language center

　B. students will have the same classes at a language center

　C. students with a good performance won"t have a test before entering a school

　D. some teachers allow students to use computers to search for information online

　（3）The writer"s experience in Para. 3 shows

　 .

　 A. how friendly the teachers are

　B. how simple Don"s class is

　C. how to get help from classmates

　D. how to ask questions

　（4）What can we infer from the passage?

　 A. The writer enjoys his time in the language center.

　B. The writer will pass the language test of the difficult degree.

　C. Don sometimes is easy to get angry at once.

　D. The writer will finish the language classes in one term.

　【答案】

　（1）B

　（2）D

　（3）A

　（4）A

　【解析】【分析】本文介绍了在澳大利亚，国际学生必须在语言中心学习，和作者在学习中心渡过的快乐时光。

　 （1）细节题。根据 international students have to study at a language center for two terms.

　可知 国际学生必须在语言中心学习两学期，故选 B。

　 （2）细节题。根据 Some of them allow students to use computers to search for information online 可知 其中一些允许学生使用计算机在网上搜索信息，故选 D。

　 （3）主旨题。根据 I find all of them are friendly 和 One of my teachers 可知作者告诉我们那的老师都很友好，故选 A。

　 （4）推理题。根据 Then I found his class simple and interesting 可知 作家喜欢在语言中心工作，故选 A。

　 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题 3 种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

　 3．阅读理解

　 These days haze（雾霾）

　is around us here and there. In fact, everyone has the power to change their living habits to help reduce it. Many local governments call on their people to take action to make the air cleaner.

　Transport is one of the biggest contributors（促成物）

　to haze. When, where, bow, why and

　what you drive all affect air quality. When one drives to work for one year, he uses as much energy as a bus rider uses in 10 years. So walk or ride your bicycle to work or school whenever possible. If it is necessary, you can use public transport instead of your car. Each person using public transport for a year instead of a car can save nearly a tonne of pollutants, including CO 2 , from going into the atmosphere.

　Carpooling is another way to reduce carbon emissions （排放）. Carpooling is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car. It immediately reduces your car"s emissions by half.

　What you do inside your living space can have a big effect on the air quality outside it. You can do a lot of things inside and around your home that will help you pollute less and save some money.

　A large amount of our energy supply comes from burning coal, another contributor to haze. By cutting down your electricity use, you are cutting down on haze. So you may try to reduce your use of electricity by turning off lights, using your air conditioner wisely during the summer months, or updating some of your electrical appliances to low-energy models. For example, you can use energy-saving lamps that require less energy and last 10 times longer than common bulbs.

　（1）Which does the writer think should play an important role in reducing haze?

　 A. City cleaners.

　 B. Haze producers.

　 C. Local governments.

　 D. Common people.

　（2）We can infer（推断）

　from the passage that the writer thinks

　.

　 A. cars can be used only when people have to

　B. cars should be given up as soon as possible

　C. cars must be improved to reduce air pollution

　D. cars may cause the most serious pollution of all

　（3）We should reduce the use of electricity mainly because

　.

　 A. we can save a lot of money by using less energy

　B. coal is now becoming rarer and rarer on our planet

　C. harmful things come out while electricity is produced

　D. electrical appliances send out something harmful to our air

　（4）Which can be the best title for the passage?

　 A. What Are Causing Haze Around Us

　B. What You Can Do to Reduce Haze

　C. How Dangerous Haze Is to Our Life

　 D. How Important It Is to Reduce Haze

　【答案】

　（1）D

　（2）A

　（3）C

　（4）B

　【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了几种减少雾霾的方法，第一种为尽量使用公共交通工具外出，第二种为尽量拼车出行，第三种为减少电力的使用。

　 （1）细节题。结合第一段第二句 In fact, everyone has the power to change their living habits to help reduce it. 可知，每个人都有能力通过改变自己的生活习惯来减少雾霾。因此，作者认为在减少雾霾上，普通人应该发挥重要作用， 故选 D。

　 （2）推断题。由第二段 So walk or ride your bicycle to work or school whenever possible. If it is necessary, you can use public transport instead of your car. 可知，尽可能步行或骑自行车，必要时乘坐公共交通工具也不要开车。因此作者认为仅当不得已的时候才应该才去开车，故选 A。

　 （3）细节题。结合第五段第一句 A large amount of our energy supply comes from burning coal, another contributor to haze. 可知，发电时，我们需要烧煤等，而这会释放出有害物质，进而污染空气。C 项意为“当生产电力时会释放有害物质”，符合题意，故选 C。

　 （4）主旨题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了几种减少雾霾的方法，第一种为尽量使用公共交通工具外出，第二种为尽量拼车出行，第三种为减少电力的使用。故文章主旨在于普通人可以做些什么、采取什么措施来减少雾霾，故选 B。

　 【点评】考查阅读理解能力，首先通读全文，掌握大意，然后根据问题在文章中找到依据，选出正确答案，注意阅读方法的运用。

　 4．阅读理解

　 The word, "photography", was first used in 1839. It comes from the Greek words that mean "to write with light". But photography could only give people static pictures. So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. They made lots of experiments, but failed again and again. It was Eadweard Muybridge who finally succeeded. He was the first photographer to try this successfully. But how did he make it? It was an interesting story.

　Back in 1872, people didn"t know exactly（确切地）

　whether all four of a horse"s hooves（蹄）

　left the ground at the same time when it was running. A gentleman called Leland Stanford made a bet with his friend about it. Most people believed that a horse always had one hoof on the ground, or it would fall over. But Stanford didn"t think so.

　At that time, it was hard to know who could win the bet, because a horse"s legs move so fast that it is impossible to tell just by looking. So they needed a way to record the movement of a running horse. Then Stanford offered $ 25,000 to the famous photographer, Muybridge, to help find the answer. In the beginning, Muybridge failed to get clear images, but he didn"t give up. He continued to improve his cameras. In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence（连续）

　of 12 photos. One of them clearly showed that all four of the horse"s hooves were off the ground at the same time. And when the photos moved fast, people could see a horse running.

　Though Edison is usually considered as the person who created the first movie in 1889, it was the work of Eadweard Muybridge and the bet that led to Edison"s invention.

　（1）The underlined word "static" in Paragraph 1 most probably means

　.

　 A. pretty

　B. dark

　C. moving

　D. still

　（2）What did Leland Stanford make a bet with his friend about?

　 A. Whose horse ran faster.

　B. Whether a horse would fall over while running.

　C. Whether it was possible for scientists to make moving pictures.

　D. Whether a horse"s hooves all left the ground at the same time while running.

　（3）Muybridge finally found the exact answer to the bet in

　.

　 A. 1839

　 B. 1872

　 C. 1878

　 D. 1889

　（4）The passage mainly tells us

　.

　 A. that Thomas Edison created the first movie

　B. that Eadweard Muybridge created the first static pictures

　C. how photography helped people know more about animals

　D. how Eadweard Muybridge got pictures of motion（移动）

　successfully

　【答案】

　（1）D

　（2）D

　（3）C

　（4）D

　【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了 Eadweard Muybridge 拍到移动的照片的故事。

　 （1）词义猜测题。根据下文 So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. 所以科学家很努力地尝试找到让照片动起来的方法，可知以前的照片是静止的，static 意为 still“静止的”。故选 D。

　 （2）细节理解题。根据第二段 Back in 1872, people didn"t know exactly（确切地）

　whether all four of a horse"s hooves（蹄）

　left the ground at the same time when it was running. 可知， Leland Stanford 和朋友打赌马在奔跑的时候是不是四只马蹄都离地。故选 D。

　 （3）细节理解题。根据第三段 In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence（连续）

　of 12 photos. 可知，直到 1878 年， Muybridge ，才设法拍到连续的 12张照片。故选 C。

　 （4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了 Eadweard Muybridge 拍到移动的照片的故事。故选 D。

　【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

　 5．阅读理解

　 Good food photography（摄影）

　makes the food look fresh, so many dishes have stand-ins（替身）, just as movie stars do. "When I get my lights and camera set up, I remove the stand-in and put in the real thing," explains Ray Webber, who photographs food for magazine advertisements. "Sometimes I have to brush the food with its juices because it may have dried out a bit. And when I"m shooting（拍摄）

　something like tomatoes, I always carry an atomizer（喷雾器）

　of water to spray（喷洒）

　them with dew（水珠）

　just before I shoot."

　Shooting food outdoors has special problems. "I"m always worrying about flies or worms（虫）

　coming up the glass," Webber explains. "I am also worried that someday a dog will come up from behind and run off with the food." Once Webber was shooting a piece of cheese outdoors and needed something to add to its colour. Finally he found a plant with lovely blue flowers. When the photo appeared, several people were horrified （惊骇的）, because the plant was Deadly NightShade（颠茄，有毒）.

　（1）According to the article, both movie stars and some food to be photographed

　.

　A. appear on sets（舞台）

　B. need stand-ins

　C. look better in soft light

　D. all of the above

　（2）Food probably looks best in photographs if it has been

　.

　 A. sprayed some water

　B. kept warm

　C. salted properly

　D. cooked thoroughly

　（3）As for outdoor photography, Webber mentions

　.

　 A. lighting

　B. worms

　C. wind

　D. both A and B

　（4）Webber is afraid that dogs might

　.

　 A. bark while he is shooting

　B. get into his pictures

　C. steal the food

　 D. upset （打翻）

　his camera

　【答案】

　（1）B

　（2）A

　（3）B

　（4）C

　【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了摄影师 Ray Webber 拍照的一些方法。

　 （1）细节理解题。根据第一段

　 Good food photography（摄影）

　makes the food look fresh, so many dishes have stand-ins（替身）, just as movie stars do. 可知，电影明星和一些食物摄影都需要替身。故选 B。

　 （2）细节理解题。根据第一段 And when I"m shooting（拍摄）

　something like tomatoes, I always carry an atomizer（喷雾器）

　of water to spray（喷洒）

　them with dew（水珠）

　just before I shoot. 可知，食物在拍摄之前喷洒上一些水，可能看起来最好。故选 A。

　 （3）细节理解题。根据第二段 I"m always worrying about flies or worms（虫）

　coming up the glass .可知，在提到户外摄影的时候， Webber 提到他担心虫子从草那上来。故选 B。

　 （4）细节理解题。根据第二段 I am also worried that someday a dog will come up from behind and run off with the food. 我同样也担心某天一只狗会从后面出现，带着食物跑了，可知他担心狗偷走食物。故选 C。

　【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题要注意从文中寻找答案。

　 6．阅读理解

　Australia at last! The flight was tiring, but here I am at last, in Sydney! Look! Here we are at last! The Sydney Opera House! It looks like shells!

　It"s wonderful and amazing! And I"m taking the plane to New Zealand on Tuesday. I"ll post again from there.

　 Coffee and Paris! Paris is beautiful! We went on a great city tour.

　We also took a boat ride on the River Seine. And it"s nicer to just sit at a street care and watch the world go by. But, to tell you a secret. Frank"s disappointed because no one can understand his French!

　 Don"t come here! We"re staying at a farm in Utah. There is nearly nothing! It"s too quiet. Every morning, we get up really early, and we ride the horses. Then it"s breakfast and more riding--not my idea of fun! So, today I walked to a little town near the farm where they actually have Internet!

　Next week, we"re shopping in New York. I can"t wait!

　（1）Where is Jessy writing from?

　 A. Sydney.

　B. New Zealand.

　C. Paris.

　D. Utah.

　（2）What did Donna and Frank do during their travelling?

　 A. They visited museums.

　 B. They took a boat ride.

　C. They sat at a street park.

　D. They watched movies in the cinema.

　（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to Anna"s Moments（朋友圈）

　 A. It is too noisy around the farm.

　 B. Her idea of fun is horse riding.

　C. She is going to London next week.

　D. She cannot use Internet at the farm.

　【答案】

　（1）A

　（2）B

　（3）D

　【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是 Jessy,Donna,Anna 几个人参观不同的城市的感受。

　 （1）细节理解题。根据 Australia at last! The flight was tiring, but here I am at last, in Sydney! 澳大利亚是最后一站。这次飞行很令人厌烦，但是在悉尼这里是我最后一站。故选A。

　 （2）细节理解题。根据 We also took a boat ride on the River Seine. 我们还乘船游览了塞纳河。故选 B。

　 （3）细节理解题。根据 So, today I walked to a little town near the farm where they actually have Internet! 因此，今天我步行到农场附近的一个小镇在那里他们实际上是有网络的。可知农场没有网络，她不能在农场使用网络，故选 D。

　【点评】此题考查阅读理解。我们先分析问题，弄清题意，然后带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出和问题相关的细节，选出正确答案。

　7．阅读理解

　A small robot may help children who are ill in hospital or at home. These children may feel lonely without their friends or classmates. The robot takes their places at school. Through the robot, the children can hear their teachers and friends.

　The robot is called AV1. A Norwegian company called No Isolation created the robot. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says from home, children use a tablet or phone to start the robot. Then they use the same device to control the robot"s movements. At school, the robot becomes their eyes, ears and voice.

　 "So, it sits at the child"s desk in the classroom and the child uses a tablet or a phone to start it and control its movements and talks through it. So it"s the eyes, the ears and the voice at school." The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communication easy.

　AV1 is large and looks like a human for a reason. Dolva says this is important because the robot is supposed to be a friend of the children. "It can"t be just a tiny camera because the other kids can"t pick it up and take it with them. This is supposed to be their friend." And robots are, quite simply, cool. Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are not in class.

　（1）The children can do the following things EXCEPT __________ through the robot.

　 A. hearing the teachers

　B. talking with their friends

　C. doing their homework

　D. listening to music

　（2）The underlined phrase "is equipped with" in Paragraph 3 has the same meaning as"__________".

　 A. repairs

　B. has

　C. enjoys

　D. plays

　（3）What"s the best title for the passage?

　 A. A new robot helps children feel less lonely

　B. How to make yourself feel less lonely

　C. A Norwegian company

　D. How to use a robot

　【答案】

　（1）C

　（2）B

　（3）A

　【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了挪威一家名为“无隔离”的公司发明的叫 AV1 机器人。他它可以帮助医院里生病的孩子，免除孩子们的孤独。

　 （1）细节理解题，根据文章内容可知，孩子们可以用这个机器人听音乐，跟朋友谈话，听老师说话，但是不能做作业，故答案是 C。

　 （2）词义猜测题， is equipped with 是被用……装备的意思，因此它就具有了这些东西，因此是拥有的意思，，故答案是 B。

　 （3）标题判断题，根据文章内容可知，本文介绍了一种帮孩子们减少孤独的机器人，故答案是 A。

　【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、词义猜测题和标题判断题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；词义猜测题需要结合具体语境，推出未知单词的意思；标题判断题需要在充分理解文章的基础上归纳文章中心，凝练句式得出结论。

　 8．阅读理解

　 A gentleman once advertised （登广告）

　for a boy to help him in his office, and nearly fifty persons asked for the place. Out of the whole number he chose one in a short time, and sent all the other boys away.

　"I would like to know," said a friend, "on what ground you chose that boy. He didn"t even have a recommendation （推荐信）

　with him."

　"You are mistaken," said the gentleman, "he had a great many."

　"He made his shoes clean when he came in, and closed the door after him, showing that he was orderly （井然有序的）."

　"He gave his seat to the disabled old man, showing that he was."

　"He took off his cap when he came in. and answered my questions quickly and respectfully （恭敬地）, showing that he was polite."

　"He lifted up the book which I had purposely （故意地）

　laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it or pushed it aside, showing that he was careful."

　"And he waited quietly for his turn, instead of pushing the others aside, showing that he was modest （谦逊的）."

　"When I talked with him, I noticed that his clothes were carefully brushed, his hair in nice order, and his teeth as white as milk. When he wrote his name, I noticed that his fingernails were clean, instead of having some untidy personal habits."

　"Don"t you call these things letters of recommendation? I do, and the things that I can discover about a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes, are worth more than all the fine letters that he can bring."

　（1）Choose the RIGHT word to complete the sentence in Paragraph 5 according to the context （上下文）.

　 A. kind

　 B. smart

　 C. lovely

　 D. healthy

　（2）How did the gentleman know the boy was polite?

　 A. He made his shoes clean when he came in.

　B. He took off his cap when he came in.

　C. He waited quietly for his turn.

　D. His teeth and fingernails were clean.

　（3）The gentleman laid the book on the floor because.

　 A. he used to be like this

　B. he wanted to know who was orderly

　C. he tried to know who had tidy personal habits

　D. he wanted to test the people who asked for the job

　（4）What can you learn from this passage?

　 A. The gentleman was a foolish man.

　B. All gentlemen can choose the right person by using their eyes.

　C. Good behavior （行为）

　and good habits are important to a person.

　D. One should pay more attention to his recommendation than to his behavior.

　【答案】

　（1）A

　（2）B

　（3）D

　（4）C

　【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述的是一个男孩找工作，在众多的求职者中脱颖而出，这是因为他有着良好的行为习惯和良好的品质。

　 （1）词义猜测题。根据上一句 He gave his seat to the disabled old man 他把座位让给了那位残疾老人，可知他是一个善良的人，故选 A。

　 （2）细节理解题。根据 He took off his cap when he came in，and answered my questions quickly and respectfully； showing that he was polite 可知，男孩进来时脱下帽子，很快地恭敬地回答了我的问题。所以显示出他很有礼貌，故选 B。

　 （3）细节理解题。根据 He lifted up the book which I had purposely （故意地）

　laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it or pushed it aside； showing that he was careful 可知，把书放在地上的原因是要测试找工作的人们是否捡起来，故选D。

　 （4）理解推断题。根据 and the things that I can discover a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes, is worth more than all the fine letters that he can bring. 可知从文章中我们可以了解到一个人的良好的行为习惯和良好的品质是重要的，故选 C。

　 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题，词义推断题和推理判断题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；词义推断题以及判断题都需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。

　 9．阅读理解

　 Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some ways. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.

　In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year from midnight on December 31st to

　January 1st, People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and they may drink champagne（香槟）

　at midnight. During the first minute of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead, But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise. They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise.

　Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes, The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.

　Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year"s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck he will have in the new year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck on New Year"s Day. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year, you have to eat 365 of them!

　（1）The passage is mainly about____________.

　 A. the meaning of "Happy New Year!

　B. several different New Year traditions

　C. what to eat on New Year"s Day

　D. why people dress up nicely on New Year"s Day

　（2）It"s clear that____________.

　 A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morning

　B. the Western people celebrate New Year only on New Year"s Day

　C. people in Ecuador go to parties from December 31st to January 1st

　D. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year

　（3）To have a happy new year, ____________.

　 A. friends talk to each other in special ways

　B. families make big dolls filled with old clothes

　C. some people get up early to watch the sunrise

　D. Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Year"s Day

　（4）When eating black- eyed peas on New Year"s Day, people think____________.

　 A. one pea brings one day of luck

　B. black- eyed peas are the best medicine

　C. the peas are too black and taste bad

　 D. the peas are helpful to count numbers

　【答案】

　（1）B

　（2）A

　（3）C

　（4）A

　【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了西方国家不同的庆祝新年的方式，

　 （1）主旨大意题，通过阅读全文可知，短文主要介绍了不同国家不同的新年庆祝方式，故答案是 B。

　 （2）细节理解题，根据

　But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise.

　可知，一些国家喜欢在早晨庆祝新年，故答案是 A。

　 （3）细节理解题，根据

　But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise. They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise. 可知，为了过一个快乐的新年，人们要早起看日出，故答案是 C。

　 （4）细节理解题，根据 In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year, you have to eat 365 of them!可知人们认为吃一颗黑豆会带来一天的好运，故答案是 A。

　【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

　 10．阅读理解

　 School is a good place for us to study. Yet sometimes, it"s easy for us to have accidents there. Experts suggest that right safety training could avoid 80% of these accidents. Here are parts of safety rules in some countries.

　In China, fire training at school is

　 common to teach students to deal with emergencies （紧急情况）. During the training，students hurry to

　 the playground with a wet cloth covering their mouth. Fire training is held

　 each term.

　In Japan, public elementary schools hold

　 earthquake training once a month. They teach students how to escape during an

　 earthquake without pushing.

　Most US school buildings have fire

　 escapes on each floor. A fire escape has platforms（露台）

　with ladders（梯子）.

　In many middle schools in the UK,

　 students can choose to take a bicycle course. There, they learn how to ride

　 to school safely.

　（1）Students should receive right safety training because _______.

　 A. it is easy

　B. it could avoid most of these accidents

　C. it is interesting

　D. it is accepted by the teachers

　（2）If there is a fire, Chinese students should go to the playground hurriedly _______.

　 A. with a wet cloth covering their mouth

　 B. by using ladders

　C. by bike

　D. by pushing each other

　（3）This passage mainly talks about _______.

　 A. how to escape from earthquakes

　 B. how to put out the fire

　C. some school safety rules in some countries

　 D. a bicycle course

　【答案】

　（1）B

　（2）A

　（3）B

　【解析】【分析】文章大意：校园是学习的地方，也是事故高发地，短文介绍了几个国家有关学校的安全规则。

　 （1）细节理解题，根据

　Experts suggest that right safety training could avoid 80% of these accidents.

　可知接受正确的安全训练，可以避免大部分的事故。故答案是 B。

　 （2）细节理解题，根据 fire training at school is common to teach students to deal with

　emergencies （紧急情况）. During the training，students hurry to the playground with a wet cloth covering their mouth. Fire training is held each term. 可知，在中国，火灾发生的时候，学生应该用湿毛巾捂住嘴迅速跑到操场，故答案是 A。

　 （3）主旨大意题，根据文章内容可知，短文主要介绍了介个国家的学校安全规则，故答案是 C。

　【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和主旨大意题，细节理解题一般可直接从文中找到答案，主旨大意题需要在充分理解文章的基础上归纳文章的中心，选出正确答案。

　 11．阅读理解

　 Do you have many passwords for your credit cards（信用卡）

　or different websites? Do you try to remember them all? As we are advised to have the passwords memorized by heart for safety reasons, not written down, lots of people find it hard to keep them in mind.

　However, this problem has been solved by a microchip （芯片）

　company. The scientists there designed a very small microchip with an electronic circuit（线路）. It can identify（识别）

　you. By putting the microchip under the skin of your hand, you can have access to（有权进人）

　things with no need for p...

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